Analyzing the Intent of the Author

The intent of the author is usually considered somewhat unknowable, however, every now and then, a problematic controversy surrounds the author that makes a more critical look at their works necessary. For example, H.P. Lovecraft's racism features heavily in his work. However, some works are slightly harder to catch as being problematic until the author is caught in a controversy, like JK Rowling's stance on trans people or the current accusations against Neil Gaiman. Suddenly, some of the problematic themes in the works come to light, such as the description of Rita Skeeter or the treatment of the house elves in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, for example.

While the controversy itself obviously does not create the problems found within the works, it is important to consider the author's intent at the time of the work's creation as well as the cultural influences that may have led to the problematic writing being present. For instance, JK Rowling being openly against trans people in the present day does not change the problematic writing she engaged in at the time of her writing Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire in 2000 with the descriptions of house elves or potentially racist naming conventions. That said, examining the British culture around the perception of such inclusions during 2000 could present a deeper understanding of how cultural acceptance of this kind of problematic writing shifted to what it is in the present day.

The topic taker should do their best to answer the questions "How much does the intent of the author change after a problematic controversy, and how much of their intent may be partially based in problematic beliefs about society?" and "Does the controversy in the present day perhaps recontextualize and potentially change the meaning of what the author originally intended at the time of creation?" The examples above provide a bit of a starting point for authors that can be examined for the topic, if they wish to use them, though, given the very graphic not safe for work nature of the accusations levelled against Neil Gaiman, it may be best to use discretion if his work is examined, bearing in mind that the accusations are alleged at this point.